Tarbiat Modares University International Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain Prevention 2476-5279 8 4 2023 01 01 The Coexistence of Pain and Depression Could be as a Factor for Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis 943 944 20232 10.22034/ijmpp.8.4.943 EN Faezeh Moeini Badi 1Student Research Committee, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. 2 Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. 0000-0003-3569-1801 Journal Article 1970 01 01 Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease where the immune system attacks the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and causes damage over time. There are 28 million people who have MS, and the number of people with the disease has been increasing since 2013. In Iran, the rate of MS is highest in Tehran and lowest in Khuzestan and SistanBaluchestan provinces. The prevalence of pain in multiple sclerosis patients ranges between 29% and 86%. Moreover, the Prevalence of depression in MS is 24% to 50%. Pain in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been linked to different factors like a person's social and economic situation, chronic disease, and mental health conditions. Pain and depression are prevalent in newly diagnosed MS. In particular, pain has been related to higher disability, depression, and fatigue.

https://ijmpp.modares.ac.ir/article_20232_ec56abf051ad30409305d1aa5020e7c7.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University International Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain Prevention 2476-5279 8 4 2023 01 01 Study Protocol on Musculoskeletal Disorders Situation in a Sample of Iranian Office Workers at Health Centers in Khoi, Iran 945 949 20233 10.22034/ijmpp.8.4.945 EN Ruhollah Namazi Health Education and Health Promotion Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. Baratali Rezapour Health Education and Health Promotion Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. Journal Article 1970 01 01 Aims: Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs), particularly Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP), are a growing public health concern among office workers due to sedentary work styles. This study will aim to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of WMSDs among office workers in Khoi, Iran. Method and Materials: A descriptive study will be conducted with a convenience sample of 100 office workers at Health Centers in Khoi, Iran. Data will be collected through a selfadministered questionnaire on demographic characteristics, work-related factors of musculoskeletal disorders, and musculoskeletal symptoms, and will finally be analyzed through SPSS. Conclusion: This study will provide a positional approach to be able to determine the situation of WMSDs and related factors among office workers in Khoi, Iran. Additionally, based on these data, the researchers could design proper interventional preventive programs to improve their WMSDs and reduce related among office workers.

https://ijmpp.modares.ac.ir/article_20233_d9976f1c2c0c972d1cee0c3647cbd194.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University International Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain Prevention 2476-5279 8 4 2023 01 01 Effectiveness of Scrambler Therapy on patient with chronic low back pain: A case report 950 953 20234 10.22034/ijmpp.8.4.950 EN Mohammad Jahirul Islam Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet- 3100, Bangladesh. Sohel Ahmed Ahmed Physiotherapy & Research Center, 151, Lake Circus, Kalabagan, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh. Khandaker Kamrul Islam Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet- 3100, Bangladesh. Muhammed Abdullah Al Mamun Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet- 3100, Bangladesh. Journal Article 1970 01 01 Aims: The leading cause of disability, Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP), severely impacts a person's quality of life. It creates numerous challenges for clinicians to treat, where Scramble Therapy (ST) is effective and safe for the treatment of CLBP. Case presentation: A 51-year-old male patient (height 165 cm, weight 71 kg, BMI of 25.3 kg/m2, and a waist-to-hip ratio of 0.98), with >5 years of CLBP, underwent scrambler therapy. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and the modified Schobert test were used to assess the degree of pain, functional impairment, and lumbar range of motion. Following ten sessions of treatment, the Oswestry Disability Index reduced from 50% to 12%, the VAS score went from 7.5 cm to 1.5 cm, and the lumbar range of motion improved (flexion 45mm to 68 mm and extension 21 mm to 32 mm). Conclusion: In CLBP patients, the ST treatment is successful in reducing the intensity of chronic pain, lowering functional impairment, and improving the lumbar range of motion.

https://ijmpp.modares.ac.ir/article_20234_46a731f4af282372a4097ba1e4d76b95.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University International Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain Prevention 2476-5279 8 4 2023 01 01 Clarifying Individual Predictors of Musculoskeletal Pain Inhibition and Expression in Housewives: a Qualitative Study 954 959 20235 10.22034/ijmpp.8.4.954 EN Samaneh Norouzi Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares of University, Tehran, Iran. Sedigheh Sadat Tavafian Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares of University, Tehran, Iran. Rosanna Cousins Department of Psychology, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, UK. Hamidreza Mokarami Department of Ergonomic School, Faculty of Medical Science ,shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. Journal Article 1970 01 01 Aims: The expansion of the female population in society and the high prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) a significant issues because these disorders directly affect the quality of life and lead to an inability and also an increase in individual and social costs. Therefore, the present study was conducted to explain the predictors related to MSDs in women who are housewives. Method and Materials: The present qualitative study was conducted among the housewives of Akbar Abad city in Fars province of Iran. This study was conducted in 2020 using the method of conventional content analysis and using the purposeful sampling method in a semi-structured way. Informed consent was obtained from the participants. The inclusion criteria included married women who were housewives and had musculoskeletal pain in one or more areas of their bodies. Findings: After analyzing the results, the predictors of pain inhibition and expression were extracted in three main categories, including personality and cognitive characteristics, cultural factors, and the individual's living conditions. Conclusion: These results showed that the women who had more confidence, skills, and expectation beliefs were more likely to exhibit proper back behavior. In this regard, MSD prevention interventions should address using key individual cognitive factors that consider the potential change strategies.

https://ijmpp.modares.ac.ir/article_20235_7cd11cb8eaea5e557dd3c47454690632.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University International Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain Prevention 2476-5279 8 4 2023 01 01 Understanding Risk Factors of Knee Pain Severity among Iranian Women suffer from Knee Osteoarthritis: A cross-sectional study from Yasuj, Iran 960 965 20236 10.22034/ijmpp.8.4.960 EN Masoomeh Dashtian Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares of University, Tehran, Iran. Sedigheh Sadat Tavafian Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares of University, Tehran, Iran. Kambiz Karimzade Shirazi Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran Parviz Yazdanpanah Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran. Reza Maghbouli Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Sarallah Shojaei Department of Public Health, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. Journal Article 1970 01 01 Aims: Knee osteoarthritis (KO) is one of the most common Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) that causes severe pain, decreased function and range of motion, reduced income, decreased social interaction, and ultimately affects the quality of life in patients. As many studies indicated that KO is common among women, this study aimed to assess the risk factors of Knee osteoarthritis in women between 40 and 55 years. Method and Materials: In this descriptive-analytical study, 198 were selected randomly, of whom, based on inclusion criteria, 100 participants were eligible and included in the study. To obtain the level of protection behaviors, a 38-item self-designed checklist was used. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) and visual analog scale (VAS) were used to measure knee pain severity and knee function. Moreover, a selfefficacy questionnaire and a muscle strength questionnaire were used. The obtained data were analyzed through the analytical tests by using SPSS version 24. Findings: This study showed there is a significant relationship between knee osteoarthritis and various factors such as age, body mass index, educational status, other diseases (blood pressure and diabetes), muscle strength, daily housewives performance, knee-protective behaviors, self-efficacy in the field of knee-protective behaviors (P <0.05 in all instances). Conclusion: As this study indicated, the majority of the risk factors associated with knee pain due to osteoarthritis can be controlled, so providing educational-training programs for women to reduce knee osteoarthritis is strongly recommended.

https://ijmpp.modares.ac.ir/article_20236_b414506974c8c8d9d1e4d0cf5ced4c76.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University International Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain Prevention 2476-5279 8 4 2023 01 01 Relationship between Cognitive Factors and Healthy Spine-related Behavior among Pupils 966 971 20237 10.22034/ijmpp.8.4.966 EN Zahra Akbari Chehrehbargh Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares of University, Tehran, Iran. Sedigheh Sadat Tavafian Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares of University, Tehran, Iran. Ali Montazeri Health Metrics Research Center, Iranian Institutes for Health Sciences, ACECR, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 1970 01 01 Aims: Back pain is one of the most important public health problems. It is on the rise among the adolescent and pupil population. This study aimed to assess the relationship between cognitive factors (skills, knowledge, self-efficacy, and expectation beliefs) and back care behavior among pupils. Method and Materials: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a random sample of students attending public elementary schools in Tehran, Iran, from October 2018 to March 2019. They completed a questionnaire containing items on cognitive abilities and a checklist to assess their skills in back care behaviors. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to find out the contribution of cognitive factors to the outcome. Findings: In all, 204 students were entered into the study. The results revealed that 95.3% of the variance in the back behavior was explained by self-efficacy (β=0.586, t=12.08, P<0.001), expectation beliefs (β=0.232, t=5.08, P<0.001), and skills (β=0.181, t=4.46, P<0.001). Conclusion: These results showed that the pupils who had more confidence, skills, and expectation beliefs were more likely to exhibit proper behavior. In this regard, schoolbased back pain prevention interventions should be addressed using key cognitive factors that consider the potential change strategies.

https://ijmpp.modares.ac.ir/article_20237_029965943be49743e54fa5fdc79f8702.pdf