Tarbiat Modares University International Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain Prevention 2476-5279 11 1 2026 01 01 The Effect of Kinesiology Tape on Biomechanics and Proprioception in Patients with Chronic Ankle Instability: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis 1333 1341 28086 10.48311/ijmpp.2026.116500.82910 EN Seth Spicer Futures Forward Research Institute, 4606 Hamilton drive, Voorhees, NJ, 08043 0000-0001-9309-5923 Ryan St. John Futures Forward Research Institute, 4606 Hamilton drive, Voorhees, NJ, 08043 0009-0007-2297-0808 Hanna Brancaccio Futures Forward Research Institute, 4606 Hamilton drive, Voorhees, NJ, 08043 0009-0005-8005-9276 Christopher Femino Futures Forward Research Institute, 4606 Hamilton drive, Voorhees, NJ, 08043 0009-0005-0331-8692 Elie J. Christoforides Futures Forward Research Institute, 4606 Hamilton drive, Voorhees, NJ, 08043 0009-0001-3314-3281 Kanad Mukherjee Department of Medicine, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA Journal Article 2025 12 23 Aims: This study investigated the effects of Kinesiology Tape (KT) on proprioception in individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI), immediately after application and at delayed follow-up, compared to a control group. Method and Materials: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Five databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) were searched using keywords related to “ankle instability,” “kinesio tape,” and “proprioception.” Controlled studies assessing stability and proprioception with the Y-balance test and Sensory Organization Test (SOT) composite score, both at baseline and within two months, were included. Case series and studies lacking usable data at both time points or without controls were excluded. Three studies (n = 123 participants) met criteria for the primary analysis and five studies (n = 235 participants) for the secondary analysis. Data were analyzed using a random-effects model in IBM SPSS, version 29. Findings: All groups, including controls, showed significant improvements in proprioception from baseline (p < 0.05). Immediate KT application improved proprioception (p = 0.02, Cohen’s d = -0.53 [-0.96, -0.09], I2 = 0%), but did not differ from the control group (p = 0.1). Extended KT use yielded significant proprioceptive improvements (p ≤ 0.001, Cohen’s d = -1.77 [-2.16, -1.39], I2 = 0%) that were significantly superior to controls (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: Kinesiology tape is widely used after ankle injuries, but evidence for its effectiveness in CAI is limited. In this study, a random-effects pooled analysis found no significant differences in proprioception between KT users and controls at immediate or delayed follow-up.

https://ijmpp.modares.ac.ir/article_28086_5497d34aeeed8c74dc8146b00c1ed489.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University International Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain Prevention 2476-5279 11 1 2026 01 01 Comparative Electromyographic Study of Scapular Muscle Activity During Scaption in Individuals With Type I AND II Scapular Dyskinesis 1342 1347 28025 10.48311/ijmpp.2025.117014.82904 EN Roya Ravanbod Jalal AleAhmad, Nasr 0000-0002-2643-6860 Omid Abouzari Rayhani Jalal AleAhmad, Nasr Journal Article 2025 10 28 Aims: Scapular dyskinesis (SD) in individuals with shoulder pathologies may result from inadequate muscle performance. The variations in muscle activities among different types of SD could offer valuable insights into the development of appropriate training programs. Nonetheless, a separate analysis of muscle activities between type I and type II SD has not yet been investigated. Method and Materials: Twenty-four volunteers with SD were randomly allocated to type I (n=12) and type II (n=12) groups in this cross-sectional study. Electromyographic (EMG) activities of the serratus anterior (SA), upper trapezius (UT), middle trapezius (MT), and lower trapezius (LT) muscles were recorded during 60° and 110° scaption tasks. Muscle activity, including maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and root mean square (RMS), was assessed. Findings: SA showed significantly higher activity in Group I compared to Group II at both 60° (P=0.039) and 110° (P=0.037) of scaption. MT activity was higher in Group I at 110° (P=0.035) of scaption but showed no difference at 60° (P=0.054). UT activity was significantly higher in subjects with type II SD at both 60° (P=0.046) and 110° (P=0.023), while the lower trapezius (LT) showed no significant difference at either 60° (P=0.505) or 110° (P=0.156) in both types. Conclusion: Exercise prescriptions for type II SD should emphasize enhancing SA and MT activation more than for type I SD. Additionally, more caution should be taken to avoid excessive UT activity in Type II SD. The activity of LT should be similarly prioritized in exercise prescriptions for both types.

https://ijmpp.modares.ac.ir/article_28025_119e3b320ed9a4694e5173c3b64591f1.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University International Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain Prevention 2476-5279 11 1 2026 01 01 Suspension Training as a Preventive Strategy: Effects on Muscle Activity, Landing Mechanics, and Balance in Female Athletes with Trunk Dominance Dysfunction 1348 1355 28028 10.48311/ijmpp.2025.117571.82907 EN Narges Ziaee Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, YI.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 0009-0006-8500-3383 Reza Rajabi Department of Health and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Yousef Moghadas Tabrizi Department of Health and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Kalantariyan Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2025 11 22 Aims: This study aimed to determine whether a six-week progressive Total Resistance Exercise (TRX) suspension training program enhances feedback and feed-forward full-name (EMG) activity of the trunk and lumbo-pelvic muscles and leads to improved landing mechanics and dynamic balance in female athletes exhibiting trunk-dominance impairment. Method and Materials: This study was a two-arm, assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Thirty female student-athletes (aged 18–25 years) were screened with the Tuck-Jump Test (abbreviated name) for trunk-dominance impairment and randomized to either a TRX training group (intervention) or a no-intervention group (control). The intervention group completed a supervised 6-week TRX program (3 times per week). Outcome measures included feed-forward and feedback EMG activity of the transversus abdominis, external oblique, quadratus lumborum, gluteus maximus, and gluteus medius, as well as dynamic balance (Y-Balance Test) and landing mechanics as Landing Error Scoring System(LESS). Findings: A mixed-design repeated-measures ANOVA revealed significant improvements in feed-forward and feedback muscle activity, LESS scores, and dynamic balance in the training group (p < 0.05). Conversely, the control group showed no significant changes (p > 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the six-week TRX suspension training program was highly effective in enhancing both anticipatory and reactive neuromuscular control in female athletes with trunk-dominance impairment. These physiological improvements translate to significant functional benefits, including safer landing mechanics and enhanced dynamic balance. Therefore, suspension training represents a valuable, evidence-based modality for injury prevention and performance optimization in at-risk athletic populations.

https://ijmpp.modares.ac.ir/article_28028_604ee6361f8a853c947ede4e3c9da372.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University International Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain Prevention 2476-5279 11 1 2026 01 01 Comparison of the Landing Error Scoring System Between Individuals with Concurrent Flexible Flatfoot and Genu Varum and Healthy Controls 1356 1362 28088 .48311/ijmpp.2026.118350.8291110 EN Naser Ebrahimi 1. M.Sc., Department of Corrective Exercise &amp; Sport Injury, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Allamah Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran. Email: naser.ebrahimi2200@gmail.com. ORCID: 0009-0002-6824-2818 Tell: +98903081 0009-0002-6824-2818 Hashem Piri 2. PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Corrective Exercise & Sport Injury, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Allamah Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran Pouria Tangsiri ¹ Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Allameh Tabataba’I University, Tehran, Iran 0009-0007-7571-4779 Journal Article 2025 12 16 Aims: The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) is a valuable tool for quantifying jump-landing biomechanics and identifying injury risk. While Flexible Flat Foot (FFF) and Genu Varum (GV) are prevalent postural deformities known to influence lower-limb alignment, their combined impact on LESS performance has remained unexplored. This study aimed to compare LESS scores in athletes with concurrent FFF and GV deformities with those of healthy controls. Method and Materials: This clinical trial study recruited 52 male athletes from Tehran sports clubs and allocated them to either a control group (n=26) or a concurrent FFF and GV group (n=26). The deformities were clinically diagnosed by using the navicular drop test (>9mm) and intercondylar distance measurement (>3cm). Participants performed a double-leg jump-landing from a 30-cm box, which was analyzed via video assessment in the frontal and sagittal planes, and their LESS scores were meticulously recorded. Individual LESS items and demographic data were compared using independent t-tests, Chi-square, and Mann-Whitney U tests. The statistical significance level is set at 0.05. Findings: The groups were demographically similar (p>0.05). The statistical analysis of the total LESS Score (sum of all 17 items) did not reveal a significant difference between the concurrent FFF/GV and Control groups (p>0.05). However, the "joint displacement" did show a significant between-group difference, with the concurrent deformities group having a higher mean rank (U = 237, p = 0.024). Conclusion: The finding that the total LESS score was preserved suggests that the overall landing strategy may be maintained through compensatory mechanisms. Nevertheless, the significantly greater joint displacement in the deformity group indicates localized biomechanical alteration and a potential compensatory strategy. This highlights that the composite LESS score may mask clinically meaningful impairments. For athletes with FFF and GV, a component-level analysis of the LESS is recommended to identify these subtle deficits and guide targeted neuromuscular and corrective training programs to mitigate injury risk.

https://ijmpp.modares.ac.ir/article_28088_2c3f3db53ca4d872f79d87ec33c8c5fd.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University International Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain Prevention 2476-5279 11 1 2026 01 01 Electromyography and Kinematic Analysis of Lower Limb Function During Standardized Bodyweight Squats in Individuals with Flexible Flat Foot 1363 1372 28029 10.48311/ijmpp.2025.117722.82908 EN Pouria Tangsiri Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran 0009-0007-7571-4779 Farideh Babakhani Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-1035-5011 Ramin Balouchi Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran Mohammadreza Hatefi Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-0308-4452 Naser Ebrahimi Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran 0009-0002-6824-2818 Journal Article 2025 11 22 Aims: This study explores the effects of Flexible Flat Foot (FFF) on movement stability and muscle activation patterns during bodyweight squats. Since flat foot alters biomechanics and squats are essential for strength and injury prevention, their interaction is studied to improve rehabilitation and training interventions. Method and Materials: In this study24 university amateur male athletes (12 with Flexible Flat Foot FFF, 12 healthy; age 18–28 years, ≥3 weekly strength training sessions) performed bodyweight squats to 90° knee flexion. Participants were classified into the FFF group based on a navicular drop of ≥10 mm during weight bearing, as measured by the Navicular Drop Test. Electromyography (EMG) of Tibialis Anterior (TA), GastrocNemius (GN), Vastus Medialis Oblique (VMO), Gluteus Maximus (Gmax), and Quadratus Lumborum (Ql), along with kinematic analysis of ankle, knee, hip, and pelvis, were measured within the 0–90° knee flexion range. Comparisons between groups were made for eccentric and concentric phases. Findings: Compared with controls, the FFF group showed significantly reduced activation of the Vastus Medialis Oblique (VMO) (eccentric: P = 0.023; concentric: P = 0.026) and (TA (eccentric: P = 0.001). Conversely, Gmax activity was higher in both phases (eccentric: P = 0.001; concentric: P = 0.041). Kinematic analysis also showed reduced flexion angles at the hip, knee, and ankle joints during the eccentric phase (P = 0.025, P = 0.055, P = 0.025, respectively). Pelvic abduction–adduction range of motion increased significantly in the concentric phase (P = 0.037), while non-significant decreases were observed in hip, knee, and ankle extension ROM (P = 0.055). Conclusion: : This study demonstrated that individuals with flexible flatfoot exhibit altered muscle activation patterns (reduced VMO and TA activity, elevated Gmax activity) and restricted joint kinematics (reduced flexion-extension at the femur, knee, and ankle) during bodyweight squats compared to individuals with normal arches. These findings highlight a distinct biomechanical profile associated with flexible flatfoot during a fundamental closed-kinetic-chain exercise. They underscore the importance of considering foot posture when assessing squatting mechanics. Future rehabilitation or training protocols for this population may benefit from addressing these specific neuromuscular and kinematic alterations. Further research is warranted to investigate the longitudinal development and potential clinical implications of these biomechanical differences.

https://ijmpp.modares.ac.ir/article_28029_e8d6b4ac3e525d79c01f47bed8e1f93c.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University International Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain Prevention 2476-5279 11 1 2026 01 01 The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions in Psychoeducational Groups on Distress Tolerance and Pain Intensity in Individuals with Musculoskeletal Pain 1373 1380 28085 10.48311/ijmpp.2026.110579.0 EN Atefeh Bolourani Department of Counseling. Faculty of Humanities, West TehranBranch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Jamshid Jarareh Department of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Lavizan ,Tehran, Iran Sima Ghodrati Department of Counseling. Faculty of Humanities, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2025 09 15 Aims: Chronic pain is a global challenge and one of the most common reasons for seeking medical care, affecting a significant portion of the population. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral interventions within psychoeducational groups on distress tolerance and pain intensity in individuals with musculoskeletal pain. Method and Materials: This quasi-experimental study employed a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain referred to the Al-Zahra Charity Clinic between March and June 2024. Using purposive sampling, 30 individuals were selected and randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n=15) or a control group (n=15). The experimental group received nine sessions of virtual group cognitive-behavioral intervention, while the control group received no intervention. Research instruments included the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23 and Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA). Findings: The findings indicated that cognitive-behavioral interventions led to a significant increase in distress tolerance and a significant decrease in pain intensity in the experimental group compared to the control group (p < .05). Furthermore, the intervention's effect on distress tolerance was more substantial than its effect on reducing pain intensity. Conclusion: Based on the results, group-based cognitive-behavioral interventions can be used as an effective non-pharmacological method to improve distress tolerance and reduce pain intensity in patients with musculoskeletal pain. These findings highlight the importance of integrating psychological treatments into comprehensive pain management programs.

https://ijmpp.modares.ac.ir/article_28085_bf95b1669852932f77dc04f5ee405b7b.pdf