https://ijmpp.modares.ac.ir/ International Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain Prevention en daily 1 Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0330 Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0330 https://ijmpp.modares.ac.ir/article_29016.html Aims: The purpose of this analytic review is to investigate the current surgical strategies for Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction, critically examine graft selection criteria, highlight emerging technological supports such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), and provide integrative insights for improving post-surgical outcomes.Method and Materials: Major developments in the biomechanical understanding of ACL injury and associated reconstructive procedures were extracted from contemporary literature. Analytical comparison was performed across surgical methods, graft choices, and computational innovations influencing clinical decision-making. Findings: Historical and contemporary findings indicate that surgical evolution, particularly toward anatomic reconstruction and individualized graft selection, has significantly enhanced biomechanical stability and recovery. Artificial intelligence shows promise in optimizing diagnosis, patient stratification, and rehabilitation protocols through data-driven models. Conclusion: Anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction strategies continue to evolve towards precision-based care integrating biomechanics, surgical innovation, and computational assistance. Future research should focus on the synergy between surgical experience and algorithmic prediction to maximize personalized treatment outcomes. https://ijmpp.modares.ac.ir/article_29018.html Aims: The purpose of this study was to predict positive and negative affect based on cognitive flexibility with the mediating role of pain catastrophizing in patients with musculoskeletal disorders.Method and Materials: This study employed a correlational approach using the structural equation method. The population of this study comprised all patients with musculoskeletal disorders in Tehran in 2025. For this purpose, 250 patients with musculoskeletal disorders were selected through convenience and voluntary sampling. Participants completed Watson et al.'s Positive and Negative Affect Questionnaire, Dennis and VanderWal's Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire, and Sullivan et al.'s Pain Catastrophizing Questionnaire. Data analysis involved correlation and structural equation modeling, conducted using SPSS version 26. Findings: Results of this study showed that the positive and negative mood affect has a good fit with the mediating role of pain catastrophizing in patients with musculoskeletal disorders. In other words, cognitive flexibility has positive and negative effects on the mediating role of pain catastrophizing in patients with musculoskeletal disorders (P≤ 0.001).Conclusion: This study showed that the positive and negative mood prediction is based on cognitive flexibility, with the mediating role of pain catastrophizing in patients with musculoskeletal disorders. This structural model will benefit physicians and psychologists in health and clinical settings to which the these patients referred. https://ijmpp.modares.ac.ir/article_28817.html Aims: Ankle sprain is one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries among athletes and can lead to Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI). This condition is associated with reduced dorsiflexion Range Of Motion (ROM) and decreased functional performance, increasing the risk of recurrent injury. This clinical study investigated the acute effects of kinesiotaping and dynamic taping, compared with no taping, on ankle dorsiflexion ROM and functional performance in female athletes with CAI, stratified specifically by the presence or absence of dorsiflexion restriction.Methods:In this within-subject repeated-measures study, 40 female athletes with CAI were recruited and divided into two groups based on dorsiflexion ROM: restricted and non-restricted. Participants were assessed under three distinct conditions (kinesiotaping, dynamic taping, and no taping) across three testing sessions, with the order of conditions randomized for each participant using a lot-drawing method. Range of motion was measured using the weight-bearing lunge test, while functional performance was assessed through four specific tests: single-leg hop, triple hop, crossover hop, and the 6-meter timed hop test. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA (p≤0.05).Findings:Significant differences were observed among the three conditions in dorsiflexion ROM and all four hop tests (P<0.05). A significant interaction effect between time and group was found across all variables, indicating distinct responses to taping between participants with and without dorsiflexion restriction. Overall, dynamic taping produced the greatest improvements, particularly in individuals with dorsiflexion restriction.Conclusion: Taping, particularly dynamic taping, can effectively improve functional performance and increase ROM in female athletes with CAI, especially those with dorsiflexion restriction. https://ijmpp.modares.ac.ir/article_29072.html Aims: Considering the importance of physical health among school-aged students, evaluating the effects of common spinal postural deviations on respiratory function and core muscle performance is essential. This study aimed to compare the respiratory pattern and core muscle function in students with and without postural thoracic hyperkyphosis.Method and Materials: In this cross-sectional comparative study, 88 male and female middle and high school students in Karaj, Iran, aged 13–18 years in 2024, with and without postural thoracic hyper kyphosis, were recruited voluntarily. The thoracic kyphosis angle was assessed using a flexible ruler. Core muscle endurance was evaluated using McGill’s trunk endurance tests, including trunk flexor, trunk extensor, and lateral trunk endurance tests. Respiratory pattern was assessed by measuring chest and abdominal circumference changes. Data were analyzed using an independent samples t-test, and the significance level was set at P<0.05.Findings: In this study no significant differences were observed between groups in flexor endurance (P = 0.119, d = -0.34, 95% CI: -0.76 to 0.08), extensor endurance (P = 0.723, d = -0.07, 95% CI: -0.49 to 0.35), or lateral muscle endurance (P = 0.197, d = 0.29, 95% CI: -0.13 to 0.71). However, statistically significant differences were found in abdominal breathing excursion (P = 0.006, d = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.17 to 1.01) and thoracic breathing excursion (P = 0.001, d = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.30 to 1.18), with the healthy group demonstrating significantly greater thoracic and abdominal excursion.Conclusion: Thoracic postural hyper kyphosis in students may be associated with alterations in respiratory pattern. Therefore, respiratory function assessment along with postural evaluation may be considered in school health screening programs and corrective exercise interventions. https://ijmpp.modares.ac.ir/article_29017.html Aims: Increasing university students’ athletic participation has corresponded with an increase in musculoskeletal injuries. Functional screening presents a practical, noninvasive method for identifying individuals at risk. This study aimed to explore the association between performance in several functional tests—the Functional Movement Screen (FMS™), Y-Balance Test (YBT), Weight-Bearing Lunge Test (WBLT), and Davies test—and the history of sports-related injuries among active college students.Method and Materials: A cross-sectional design was employed, involving 120 studentathletes (55 female, 65 male; mean age 26.7 ± 4.67 years) at the season’s onset. Assessments included the FMS™, YBT, WBLT, and Davies tests. A structured questionnaire documented sports injuries sustained in the prior six months. Statistical analyses, including independent t-tests, chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression, were utilized to investigate the relationships. Findings: A significant proportion of participants (26%; 31 individuals) reported at least one injury, predominantly affecting the ankle and knee. Individuals with a history of injury exhibited lower FMS™ scores and demonstrated reduced ankle dorsiflexion during the WBLT (p < 0.05). The logistic regression model was significant overall (χ²(4) = 11.867, p = 0.018). The FMS™ (B = −0.173, p = 0.05) and WBLT (B = −0.223, p = 0.01) were signiicantly associated with injury status, whereas the YBT and Davies test were not. Conclusion: Both movement quality and ankle dorsiflexion demonstrated a significant association with injury history in university athletes. This suggests that these specific functional aspects may offer more clinical insight than balance or upper-limb stability for this population when assessing injury risk. https://ijmpp.modares.ac.ir/article_29019.html Aims: The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Cognitive-Behavioral Play Therapy (CBPT) on behavioral problems and gross motor skills in children with Intellectual Disability (ID). Method and Materials: This study was designed as a quasi-experimental study with a pretest, post-test, and control group design. The population consisted of 7-10-year-old educable children with ID referred to special schools in Rasht, Iran, in the academic year 2025-2026. Using a multi-stage sampling method, 38 children exhibiting behavioral disorders were selected and randomly assigned to experimental (N=19) and control groups (N=19). An approach of CBPT was administered to the experimental group according to the protocol of Knell for 12 sessions of 60 minutes, and the control group received no treatment. The instruments used were the Rutter Behavioral Problems Scale (RBPS) and the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP), and the data obtained were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Findings: The results demonstrated that CBPT significantly decreases aggression and hyperactivity (F = 63.79), anxiety and depression (F = 37.36), social maladjustment (F = 55.36), antisocial behaviors (F = 50.31), attention deficit (F = 61.81), and increases gross motor skills (F = 77.78) in children with ID (P< 0.001).Conclusion: The findings suggest that CBPT is an effective intervention for reducing behavioral problems and enhancing gross motor skills in children with ID. Therefore, this therapeutic approach may be considered a practical and beneficial strategy in educational and rehabilitation settings. https://ijmpp.modares.ac.ir/article_29015.html Aims: Speed is a decisive factor in pole vault performance. This study aimed to examine the effects of a six-week speed training program on kinematic variables and performance in female pole vaulters.Method and Materials: In this study, twelve female pole vaulters with personal records less than 3.20 m took part. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=6) and a control group (n=6). Measured variables included bar height, average 6-m velocity of the final approach, difference between hand grip height and bar height, lengths of the final and penultimate steps, and sagittal plane angles of the ankle, knee, hip, shoulder, and elbow on the take-off side. The control group continued their regular training for six weeks, while the experimental group performed additional speed-focused training, including combined athletics drills, running over small hurdles, and short sprint exercises. The intervention was designed to enhance functional speed. After six weeks, all measurements were repeated in a post-test. Data were analyzed using a 2×2 mixed ANOVA (group × time).Findings: After the intervention, the experimental group showed a significant increase in bar height compared with the control group (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed between groups for average 6-m approach velocity, final step length, penultimate step length, grip-to-bar height difference, or sagittal plane joint angles at take-off (p>0.05). Conclusion: Six weeks of speed-oriented training improved vault performance without significantly altering take-off kinematics. This program can be used as an effective supplement or alternative to traditional speed training for pole vaulters