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Background: Today, chronic low back pain is one of the growing worldwide problems, which caused in the reduction of individuals’ physical, mental, and social functions. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of training programs on functional disability in female patients with low back pain after 6month follow-up of the training intervention strategies.
Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental study was carried out in rheumatology research center of Tehran University of Medical Science. A total of 27 female patients suffering from low back pain participated in this study. All the participants were divided into groups of 6 to 8 members and provided with a 4-hour training session of physiotherapy and psychology, followed by telephone counseling after one and two months. In order to collect required data and evaluate females’ functional disability, two questionnaires were employed: Roland-Morris Disability Assessment Questionnaire (RDQ) and Quebec Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (QDS). The questionnaires were completed at the beginning of the study-as the pretest, and 6-month follow up as the posttest. Data were analyzed through paired samples t-test using SPSS software version 16. A significant level of P< .05 was considered to compare the information.
Results: The results of the current study show that during the 6 months intervention program, the physical disability was significantly improved in terms of two aforementioned scales.
Conclusion: It seems that training intervention program along with the follow-up and phone counseling have significant effects on improving physical function of patients with chronic low back pain.

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Aims: In nurseries, hygiene measures are considered as an effective practice to prevent infection. By implementing appropriate hygiene techniques and effective prevention measures, the transmission of infectious diseases such as cholera among children and youth can be limited. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an educational program on nannies' practice regarding cholera infection and explore any relationship between their practice and demographic characteristics.
Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group in public nurseries in different cities of Baghdad province. Sixty nannies were randomly selected and divided into two equal intervention and control groups. The intervention group received the cholera education program, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were collected using a researcher-made checklist to evaluate nannies' practice and analyzed by SPSS 26 software.
Findings: Both groups had inadequate practice regarding cholera infection (0.96±0.31 and 1.00±0.15, respectively). After the implementation of the program, the practice of the intervention group improved significantly (1.59±0.13), while the practice of the control group remained inadequate (1.00±0.12). There was no significant difference in the mean scores of nannie’s practice based on their demographic characteristics (p>0.05), except for the level of education (p=0.0001).
Conclusion: The practice of nannies in public nurseries in Baghdad against cholera is limited, and the educational program of this study has a positive effect on the practice of nannies. The educational qualification of nannies plays a significant role in responding to the program.

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The main purpose of this study was to assessment of the role and function of training programs to accelerate of the process to achieve agricultural sustainable development in Rural Areas of Oramanat. The population of this study equal to 130 persons from rural area of Oramanat (Javanrood, Ravansar, Pave, Salas and Babajani) in Kermanshah province. This research was conducted in the framework of the applied approach with the methodology of a descriptive-analyzed research method. Based on Morgan table, 100 persons were chosen as the sample size and random sampling method were applied. Research tools include questionnaire and its validity was confirmed based on the collective opinion of the professor's universities and experts of executive organizations. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cranach’s alpha test t, α was 0.98 respectively. The research findings showed that there was significant relationship between male and female, level of education, ones that watched television training programs and those who did not watched, and also, between farmers of different cities of Oramanat to variable the effectiveness of training programs. Also, according to Kirkpatrick model from the perspective of villagers, items affecting on training programs and used of new methods of agriculture, interviews with sample farmers, confide to recommendations of experts of training program, degree of acceptance and applied to this recommendations and Transmitting educational messages to the simplest form of to farmers, were assessed at medium to high.

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Considering the effect of sports on different aspects of individual and social life and its importance at the national level, the present study seeks to examine the role of mass media (radio, television, magazines and internet) in the tendency of women in Tehran. The research method is based on survey and questionnaire data collected from the women statistical society of Tehran. For that matter, 384 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. They were those practicing in public parks and sports clubs in different part of Tehran. The main method in data analysis was Pearson and structural equation modeling and factor analysis with SPSS and AMOS software. Giddens and Budrillard were taken into account to explain the subject in a theatrical framework. The results show that there was a relationship between variables (age and level of development of residential area and women tendency to public sports, but there was no relationship between (academic levels, access to of sports facilities). The results also show that there was a direct and significant relationship between the dimension of media function (eduction, information and advertising, personal body management) and the tendency to public sports, among which information and advertising have the highest correlation coefficient i.e. 0/471 and personal body management had the lowest correlation coefficient of 0/171.