Volume 7, Issue 1 (2022)
IJMPP 2022, 7(1): 666-669 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Nejaddadgar N, Tavafian S S, Jamshidiei A R. Backpack using among Adolescent Students studying in Ardabil, Iran. IJMPP 2022; 7 (1) :666-669
URL: http://ijmpp.modares.ac.ir/article-32-56648-en.html
URL: http://ijmpp.modares.ac.ir/article-32-56648-en.html
1- 1 Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. 2 Health Deputy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil , Iran , naziladadgar60@gmail.com
2- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
3- Rheomatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Scienc- es, Tehran, Iran
2- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
3- Rheomatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Scienc- es, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: (1418 Views)
Aim: Nowadays, schoolbags are considered to be resulted in musculoskeletal discomforts among students. This study set out to determine this health problem due to carrying school bag in students studying in high schools of Ardabil, Iran.
Method and Materials: This study was carried out among adolescent students in Ardabil city, Iran, in 2019. To collect data a socio-demographic questionnaire was used to complete demographic variables. Furthermore, standard scales were applied to measure weight and height of the students as well as weight of their school backpack. All data entered into the SPSS statistical software and analysed through descriptive analysis tests to determine the status of backpack among secondary high school students in Ardabil, Iran.
Method and Materials: This study was carried out among adolescent students in Ardabil city, Iran, in 2019. To collect data a socio-demographic questionnaire was used to complete demographic variables. Furthermore, standard scales were applied to measure weight and height of the students as well as weight of their school backpack. All data entered into the SPSS statistical software and analysed through descriptive analysis tests to determine the status of backpack among secondary high school students in Ardabil, Iran.
Findings: A total of 474 adolescent students with mean age of (13.51±1.13 years) were assessed in this study. According the findings, more than half of studied students used backpack while going to school. This study revealed the mean weight of studied students and their backpacks were 52.38 ± 12.34 kg and 3.57± 1.18kg respectively. Body Mass Index (BMI) was found to be 23.56. ± 6.84. The average weight of the backpack of first-year students was 3.45±1.25 kg, in second-year students, it was 3.55± 1.08 kg, and in third-year students, it was 3.69±1.21 kg.
Conclusion: As most of adolescent students used backpack in the way to school , complying with standard rules of backpack use is strongly recommended.
Conclusion: As most of adolescent students used backpack in the way to school , complying with standard rules of backpack use is strongly recommended.
Article Type: Original Research |
Subject:
Occupational Therapy
Received: 2021/10/25 | Accepted: 2022/01/1 | Published: 2022/01/20
Received: 2021/10/25 | Accepted: 2022/01/1 | Published: 2022/01/20
References
1. Igras SM, Macieira M, Murphy E, Lundgren R. Investing in very young adolescents' sexual and reproductive health. Glob Public Health. 2014; 9:555-69. [DOI:10.1080/17441692.2014.908230]
2. World Health Organization, Geneva. Health for the world's adolescents. 2015. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2014/focus-adolescent-health/en/. Accessed 6 Oct 2019.
3. Rai, R. and Agarawal, S. 2013. Problems Due to Heavy School bags in School Children. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 10:22- 26. [DOI:10.9790/0837-1062226]
4. 3. Mackie, H.W. Stevenson, J.M. Reid, S.A. and Legg, S.J. 2005. The effect of simulated school load carriage configurations on shoulder strap tension forces and shoulder interface pressure. Applied Ergonomics, 36:199-206 [DOI:10.1016/j.apergo.2004.10.007]
5. Forjuoh, S.N. Lane, B.L. and Schuchmann, J.A. 2003. Percentage of body weight carried by students in their school school bags. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 82:261-266 [DOI:10.1097/01.PHM.0000057227.35210.50]
6. Geraldine, I. Richard, W. Tariq, R. Lisa, P. and Jennifer, A. 2003. The association of school bag use and back pain in adolescents. Spine, 28:922-930. [DOI:10.1097/01.BRS.0000058725.18067.F7]
7. Lasota A. Schoolbag weight carriage by primary school adolesent adults. Work. 2014;48(1):26-12. Mwaka ES, Munabi IG, Buwembo W, Kukkiriza J, Ochieng J. Musculoskeletal pain and school bag use: a cross-sectional study among Ugandan adolesent adults. BMC research notes. 2014;7(1):222-229. [DOI:10.1186/1756-0500-7-222]
8. Daneshmandi H, Rahmani-Nia F, Hosseini S. Effect of carrying school school bags on cardio-respiratory changes in adolescent students. Sport Sciences for Health. 2008;4(1):7-14. [DOI:10.1007/s11332-008-0060-8]
9. Hamzat TK, Abdulkareem TA, Akinyinka OO, Fatoye FA. School bag-related musculoskeletal symptoms among Nigerian secondary school students. Rheumatol Int 2014 Sep;34(9):1267-73. [DOI:10.1007/s00296-014-2962-x]
10. Navuluri N, Navuluri RB. Study on the relationship between school bag use and back and neck pain among adolescents. Nurs Health Sci. 2006;8(4):208-15. [DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2018.2006.00284.x]
11. Haselgrove C, Straker L, Smith A, O'Sullivan P, Perry M, Sloan N. Perceived school bag load, duration of carriage, and method of transport to school are associated with spinal pain in adolescents: an observational study. Australian J Physiotherapy. 2008;54(3):193-200. [DOI:10.1016/S0004-9514(08)70026-6]
12. Chow D, Ou Z, Wang X, Lai A. Short-term effects of school bag load placement on spine deformation and repositioning error in schoolchildren. Ergonomics. 2010;53(1):56-64. [DOI:10.1080/00140130903389050]
13. Standards JCoNHE. National health education standards: Achieving excellence: American Cancer Society; 2007. Retrieved May 1, 2009, from https://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/SHER/standards/index.htm p.
14. Van Gent C, Dols J, De Rover C, Hira SR,De Vet H (2003). The weight of school bags and the occurrence of neck, shoulder,and back pain in young adolescents. Spine, 28: 916-21. [DOI:10.1097/01.BRS.0000058721.69053.EC]
15. Whittfield, Legg SJ, Hedderley D (2005). Schoolbag weight and musculoskeletal symptoms in New Zealand secondary schools. Apple Ergonomics, 36(2): 193-8. [DOI:10.1016/j.apergo.2004.10.004]
16. Balague F, Dutoit G, Waldburger M (1988). Low back pain in schoolchildren. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 20: 175-79.
17. Usman G, Agha S, Ameen F (2014) Effects of Heavy Bags, Plus Desks And Postural Variations Association With Lower Back Pain In School Going Children. Gomal University J Res 30: 76-83.
18. Grimmer K and Williams M (2000). Genderage environmental associates of adolescentl ow back pain. Applied Ergonomics, 31: 343- 60. [DOI:10.1016/S0003-6870(00)00002-8]
19. Negrini S, Carabalona R (2000). Schoolbags on! Schoolchildren's perceptions of load, associations with back pain and factors determining the load. Spine, 27: 187- 95. [DOI:10.1097/00007632-200201150-00014]
20. Neuschanwander T, Cutrone J, Macias B, Cutrone S, Murthy G, et al. (2010) The effect of school bags on the lumbar spine in children: a standing magnetic resonance imaging study. Spine 35: 83-88. [DOI:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181b21a5d]
21. Kuorinka I, Jonsson B, Kilbom A, Vinterberg H, Biering- Sorensen F, Andersson G, et al. (1987). Standardized Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms. Applied Ergonomics, 18(3): 233-37. [DOI:10.1016/0003-6870(87)90010-X]
22. 22-Mwaka ES, Munabi IG, Ochieng J. Musculoskeletal pain and school bag use: across-sectional study among Ugandan pupils. BMC Res Notes. 2014 Apr 9; 7:222. [DOI:10.1186/1756-0500-7-222]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |