Early Life History of Drug Exposure Has Long Lasting Effect on Pain Sensitivity

Document Type : Brief Communication

Authors
K. Alami
F. Jalali
H. Azizi
Department of Physiology, Fac- ulty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
10.22034/ijmpp.8.3.900
Abstract
Nowadays pain is the most commonly reported symptom in clinical practice. It is defined as “a complex emotional and sensorial experience that is associated with potential or actual damage” [1, 2]. Pain pathways represent a complex sensory system, with emotional, cognitive, and behavioral elements having evolved to detect and integrate a protective response to noxious stimuli [3, 4]. The protective nature of pain is true for acute pain, which is provoked by a specific disease or injury. However, chronic pain is not protective and is considered a disease state [5]. Pain sensitivity is one of the factors that determine the perceived severity, course, prognosis, and also treatment efficacy of clinical pain. It can be defined as increased or decreased pain responsiveness to noxious or non-noxious stimuli [6, 7]. Reduced sensitivity to pain is associated with the risk of delayed diagnosis or undermined treatment efficacy of conditions associated with acute pain. On the contrary, hypersensitivity is unpleasant and increases health care costs, risk of anxiety, and susceptibility to chronic pain conditions [8, 9]. Pain sensitivity widely varies among different individuals. There are several reports that factors, including genetic and environmental factors, affect an individual pain perception and sensitivity [8]. One of the environmental factors affecting pain perception that has not yet received much attention is the history of drug abuse [10].

Keywords

Subjects

References
1. IASP Announces Revised Definition of Pain - International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP). [cited 2023 Mar 25]. Available from: https://www.iasp-pain.org/publications/iasp-news/iasp-announces-revised-definition-of-pain/
2. Bravo L, Llorca-Torralba M, Suárez-Pereira I, Berrocoso E. Pain in neuropsychiatry: Insights from animal models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2020 Aug 1;115:96–115.
3. Yang S, Chang MC. Chronic pain: Structural and functional changes in brain structures and associated negative affective states. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(13).
4. Pascali M, Matera E, Craig F, Torre F La, Giordano P, Margari F, et al. Cognitive, emotional, and behavioral profile in children and adolescents with chronic pain associated with rheumatic diseases: A case-control study. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2019;24(3):433–45.
5. Williams ACDC. What can evolutionary theory tell us about chronic pain? Pain. 2016 Apr 1;157(4):788–90.
6. Larsson B, Gerdle B, Björk J, Grimby-Ekman A. Pain Sensitivity and its Relation to Spreading on the Body, Intensity, Frequency, and Duration of Pain. Clin J Pain. 2017;33(7):579–87.
7. Hsiao FJ, Chen WT, Liu HY, Wang YF, Chen SP, Lai KL, et al. Individual pain sensitivity is associated with resting-state cortical activities in healthy individuals but not in patients with migraine: a magnetoencephalography study. J Headache Pain. 2020;21(1):1–12.
8. Nielsen CS, Stubhaug A, Price DD, Vassend O, Czajkowski N, Harris JR. Individual differences in pain sensitivity: Genetic and environmental contributions. Pain. 2008;136(1–2):21–9.
9. Cimpean A, David D. The mechanisms of pain tolerance and pain-related anxiety in acute pain. Heal Psychol Open. 2019;6(2).
10. Edwards, Robert R, Wasan, Ajay D, Michna, Ed, Greenbaum, Seth, Ross, Ed, Jamison RN. Elevated Pain Sensitivity in Chronic Pain Patients at Risk for Opioid Misuse. J Pain. 2011;9(12):1–7.
11. Koob GF, Volkow ND. Neurocircuitry of addiction. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2010;35(1):217–38.
12. Halladay J, Woock R, El-Khechen H, Munn C, MacKillop J, Amlung M, et al. Patterns of substance use among adolescents: A systematic review. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020;216:108222.
13. Salmanzadeh H, Ahmadi-Soleimani SM, Pachenari N, Azadi M, Halliwell RF, Rubino T, et al. Adolescent drug exposure: A review of evidence for the development of persistent changes in brain function. Brain Res Bull. 2020 Mar 1;156:105–17.
14. Salmanzadeh H, Ahmadi-Soleimani SM, Azadi M, Halliwell RF, Azizi H. Adolescent Substance Abuse, Transgenerational Consequences and Epigenetics. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2021 Sep 9;19(9):1560.
15. Pappalardo XG, Testa G, Pellitteri R, Dell’Albani P, Rodolico M, Pavone V, et al. Early Life Stress (ELS) Effects on Fetal and Adult Bone Development. Children. 2023 Jan 1;10(1):102.
16. Meredith RM. Sensitive and critical periods during neurotypical and aberrant neurodevelopment: A framework for neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2015 Mar 1;50:180–8.
17. Spano M, Fadda P, Fratta W, Fattore L. Cannabinoid-Opioid Interactions in Drug Discrimination and Self-Administration: Effect of Maternal, Postnatal, Adolescent and Adult Exposure to the Drugs. Curr Drug Targets. 2010;11(4):450–61.
18. Lee JJ, Saraiya N, Kuzniewicz MW. Prenatal Opioid Exposure and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2023 Jan 1;35(1):142–6.
19. Khani F, Pourmotabbed A, Veisi M, Hosseinmardi N, Fathollahi Y, Azizi H. Adolescent morphine exposure impairs dark avoidance memory and synaptic potentiation of ventral hippocampal CA1 during adulthood in rats. Life Sci. 2023 Feb 1;314:121344.
20. Khani F, Pourmotabbed A, Hosseinmardi N, Nedaei SE, Fathollahi Y, Azizi H. Impairment of spatial memory and dorsal hippocampal synaptic plasticity in adulthood due to adolescent morphine exposure. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacology Biol Psychiatry. 2022 Jun 8;116:110532.
21. Khani F, Pourmotabbed A, Hosseinmardi N, Nedaei SE, Fathollahi Y, Azizi H. Development of anxiety-like behaviors during adolescence: Persistent effects of adolescent morphine exposure in male rats. Dev Psychobiol. 2022 Nov 1;64(7):e22315.
22. Ghasemi E, Pachenari N, Semnanian S, Azizi H. Adolescent morphine exposure increases nociceptive behaviors in rat model of formalin test. Dev Psychobiol. 2019 Mar 1;61(2):254–60.
23. Pachenari N, Azizi H, Ghasemi E, Azadi M, Semnanian S. Exposure to opiates in male adolescent rats alters pain perception in the male offspring. Behav Pharmacol. 2018;29(2 and 3-Spec Issue):255–60.
24. Nunes EA, Medeiros LF, de Freitas JS, Macedo IC, Kuo J, de Souza A, et al. Morphine exposure during early life alters thermal and mechanical thresholds in rats. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2017 Aug 1;60:78–85.
25. Smith RF, McDonald CG, Bergstrom HC, Ehlinger DG, Brielmaier JM. Adolescent nicotine induces persisting changes in development of neural connectivity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2015;55(August):432–43.
26. Khani F, Pourmotabbed A, Hosseinmardi N, Nedaei SE, Fathollahi Y, Azizi H. Impairment of spatial memory and dorsal hippocampal synaptic plasticity in adulthood due to adolescent morphine exposure. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2022 Jun 8;116.
27. Grecco GG, Atwood BK. Prenatal opioid exposure enhances responsiveness to future drug reward and alters sensitivity to pain: A review of preclinical models and contributing mechanisms. eNeuro. 2020;7(6):1–17.
28. Rozisky JR, Medeiros LF, Adachi LS, Espinosa J, De Souza A, Neto AS, et al. Morphine exposure in early life increases nociceptive behavior in a rat formalin tonic pain model in adult life. Brain Res. 2011 Jan 7;1367:122–9.
29. Byrnes JJ, Babb JA, Scanlan VF, Byrnes EM. Adolescent opioid exposure in female rats: transgenerational effects on morphine analgesia and anxiety-like behavior in adult offspring. Behav Brain Res. 2011 Mar 17;218(1):200–5.
30. Chiang YC, Hung TW, Lee CWS, Yan JY, Ho IK. Enhancement of tolerance development to morphine in rats prenatally exposed to morphine, methadone, and buprenorphine. J Biomed Sci. 2010;17:46.
31. Bublitz MH, Stroud LR. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring brain structure and function: Review and agenda for future research. Nicotine Tob Res. 2012;14(4):388–97.
32. Shi Y, Weingarten TN, Mantilla CB, Hooten WM, Warner DO. Smoking and pain : Pathophysiology and clinical implications. Anesthesiology. 2010;113(4):977–92.
33. Bassey RB, Gondré-Lewis MC. Combined early life stressors: prenatal nicotine and maternal deprivation interact to influence behavioral phenotypes in rats. Behav Brain Res. 2019 Feb 2;359:814.
34. Määttä AJ, Paananen M, Marttila R, Auvinen J, Miettunen J, Karppinen J. Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with offspring’s musculoskeletal pain in adolescence: Structural equation modeling. Nicotine Tob Res. 2017;19(7):797–803.
35. Khalouzadeh F, Azizi H, Semnanian S. Adolescent nicotine exposure increases nociceptive behaviors in rat model of formalin test: Involvement of ventrolateral periaqueductal gray neurons. Life Sci. 2022 Jun 15;299.
International Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain Prevention
Volume 8, Issue 3
October 2023
Pages 900-903