Intrinsic versus Extrinsic Muscle Fatigue on Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Women with Flexible Flatfoot

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Research

Authors
M. Mohammadi
H. Piri
R. Sheikhhoseini
E. Ebrahimi
Department of Corrective Exercise & Sport Injury, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
10.48311/ijmpp.2025.110575.0
Abstract
Aims: Flatfoot is associated with altered knee kinematics, as well as knee pain. Yet, there is a lack of evidence about gait parameters after fatigue in flatfoot individuals. Therefore, this study aims to compare the effect of intrinsic and extrinsic muscles’ fatigue on spatiotemporal parameters during walking of women with flexible flatfoot.
Method and Materials: This study included 20 women with flexible flatfoot. They were divided into intrinsic muscles fatigue (N=10) and extrinsic muscles fatigue groups (N=10). Foot Posture Index and Zebris FDM-T Treadmill were used to assess flatfoot and spatiotemporal parameters, respectively. Also, fatigue was applied with paper grip and heel-rise endurance tests. Covariance (ANCOVA) and Quade's tests were utilized for inferential statistics. Data analysis was conducted at a significance level of 95%.
Findings: The findings showed there is no significant difference between intrinsic and extrinsic muscle fatigue on spatiotemporal gait parameters in women with flatfoot during treadmill walking (P>0.05).
Conclusion: This study indicated that intrinsic and extrinsic muscles fatigue may not affect spatiotemporal parameters in individuals with flexible flatfoot. These findings highlight the robustness and adaptability of gait mechanics under fatigue, even with postural foot abnormalities.

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International Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain Prevention

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 15 October 2025