Document Type : Original Research
Authors
1
PhD Candidate in Corrective Exercise and Sports Injury, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Caspian Campus, Tehran, Iran
2
PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Sports Injuries and Biomechanics, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3
PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Sports Injuries and Biomechanics, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Aims: Shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS) is a prevalent issue in swimmers, impacting pain, stability, and motor control. This study compares the effects of various training environments on these outcomes in swimmers with SIS.
Method: Thirty female swimmers with SIS were randomly assigned to land-based training (LBT, n=15) or water-based training (WBT, n=14) groups. Assessments included pain (VAS), stability (Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test), functional disability (DASH), and proprioception (JPS error), measured pre- and post-intervention. The 24-session programs involved progressive stretching and resistance exercises, with intensity adjusted biweekly using the Borg scale (RPE 9–11). Data were analyzed using ANCOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test.
Findings: WBT led to greater improvements in pain (ŋ² = 0.94), Y-Balance (ŋ² = 0.89), and functional disability (DASH; ŋ² = 0.31) compared to LBT (all p < 0.01). However, LBT showed superior proprioception with smaller joint position errors in internal rotation, external rotation, and abduction (all p < 0.05).
Conclusion: WBT effectively reduces pain and disability and enhances stability, while LBT improve proprioception, and combining both approaches may optimize overall rehabilitation and functional recovery in SIS.
Keywords
Subjects
International Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain Prevention